08.কোরআনে ভ্রূনতত্ত্ব?

খেয়াল করে পড়লে কোরআনের সাথে গ্রীসের ভ্রুণতত্ত্বের ধারণার সাথে হুবুহু মিল খুঁজে পাবেন। হিপোক্রিটাস ( Hippocrates 460-370 BC) যা মনে করতেন তা হচ্ছে,

1st stage: “Sperm is a product which comes from the whole body of each parent, weak sperm coming from the weak parts, and strong sperm from the strong parts.”
2nd stage: “The seed (embryo), then, is contained in a membrane … Moreover, it grows because of its mother’s blood, which descends to the womb. For once a woman conceives, she ceases to menstruate…”
3rd stage: “At this stage, with the descent and coagulation of the mother’s blood, flesh begins to be formed, with the umbilicus.”
4th stage: “As the flesh grows it is formed into distinct members by breath … The bones grow hard … moreover they send out branches like a tree …”

তারিখসূত্রবর্ণনা
১৪১৬ খ্রিস্টপূর্বগর্ভ উপনিষদ (হিন্দু ধর্ম গ্রন্থ)“From the conjugation of blood and semen the embryo comes into existence. During the period favorable to conception, after the sexual intercourse, (it) becomes a Kalada (one-day-old embryo). After remaining seven nights it becomes a vesicle. After a fortnight it becomes a sperical mass. After a month it becomes a firm mass”.
১০০০ খ্রিস্টপূর্বযব এর পুস্তক (ইহুদী খ্রিস্টান ধর্মগ্রন্থ)“Your hands formed me and made me – will you now absorb me? Remember that you formed me as if with clay – will you return me to dust? You poured me out like milk, and pulled me together like cheese. You clothed me with skin and flesh, and (inside me) did you interweave bones and sinews.”
৫০০ খ্রিস্টপূর্বPsalms(ইহুদী খ্রিস্টান ধর্মগ্রন্থ)“For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well. My frame was not hidden from you when I was made in the secret place. When I was woven together in the depths of the earth, your eyes saw my unformed body. All the days ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be.”
৪৬০-৩৭০ খ্রিস্টপূর্বহিপোক্রাটেস1st stage: “Sperm is a product which comes from the whole body of each parent, weak sperm coming from the weak parts, and strong sperm from the strong parts.”2nd stage: “The seed (embryo), then, is contained in a membrane … Moreover, it grows because of its mother’s blood, which descends to the womb. For once a woman conceives, she ceases to menstruate…”

 

3rd stage: “At this stage, with the descent and coagulation of the mother’s blood, flesh begins to be formed, with the umbilicus.”
4th stage: “As the flesh grows it is formed into distinct members by breath … The bones grow hard … moreover they send out branches like a tree …”

৩৮৪-৩২২ খ্রিস্টপূর্বএরিস্টোটল“When the material secreted by the female in the uterus has been fixed by the semen of the male…the more solid part comes together, the liquid is separated off from it, and as the earthy parts solidify membranes form all around it…Some of these are called membranes and others choria…” “So nature has first designed the two blood vessels from the heart, and from these smaller vessels branch off to the uterus, forming what is called the umbilicus…Round these is a skin-like integument, because the weakness of the vessels needs protection and shelter. The vessels join to the uterus like the roots of plants, and through them the embryo receives its nourishment”.
২৪০-১৮০ খ্রিস্টপূর্বDiocles of Carystus“on the ninth day a few points of blood, on the eighteenth beating of the heart, on the twenty-seventh traces of the spinal cord and head”
১২৯-২১০ খ্রিস্টাব্দClaudius Galenus“let us divide the creation of the foetus overall into four periods of time.
The first is that in which. as is seen both in abortions and in dissection, the form of the semen prevails (Arabic nutfah). At this time, Hippocrates too, the all-marvelous, does not yet call the conformation of the animal a foetus; as we heard just now in the case of semen voided in the sixth day, he still calls it semen. But when it has been filled with blood (Arabic alaqa), and heart, brain and liver are still unarticulated and unshaped yet have by now a certain solidarity and considerable size,
this is the second period; the substance of the foetus has the form of flesh and no longer the form of semen. Accordingly you would find that Hippocrates too no longer calls such a form semen but, as was said, foetus.
The third period follows on this, when, as was said, it is possible to see the three ruling parts clearly and a kind of outline, a silhouette, as it were, of all the other parts (Arabic mudghah). You will see the conformation of the three ruling parts more clearly, that of the parts of the stomach more dimly, and much more still, that of the limbs. Later on they form “twigs”, as Hippocrates expressed it, indicating by the term their similarity to branches.
The fourth and final period is at the stage when all the parts in the limbs have been differentiated; and at this part Hippocrates the marvelous no longer calls the foetus an embryo only, but already a child, too when he says that it jerks and moves as an animal now fully formed.””… The time has come for nature to articulate the organs precisely and to bring all the parts to completion. Thus it caused flesh to grow on and around all the bones, and at the same time … it made at the ends of the bones ligaments that bind them to each other, and along their entire length it placed around them on all sides thin membranes, called periosteal, on which it caused flesh to grow.”
প্রায় ২০০ খ্রিস্টাব্দতালমুদ (ইহুদী ধর্মগ্রন্থ)The embryo was called peri habbetten (fruit of the body) and develops as:1. golem (formless, rolled-up thing);
2. shefir meruqqam (embroidered foetus – shefir means amniotic sac);
3. ‘ubbar (something carried); v’alad (child); v’alad shel qayama (noble or viable child) and
4. ben she-kallu chadashav (child whose months have been completed).
৫৭১-৬৩২ খ্রিস্টাব্দমুহাম্মদ (কোরান)“Allah’s Apostle, the true and truly inspired said, “(The matter of the Creation of) a human being is put together in the womb of the mother in forty days, and then he becomes a clot of thick blood for a similar period, and then a piece of flesh for a similar period.”“The Prophet said, “Allah puts an angel in charge of the uterus and the angel says, ‘O Lord, (it is) semen! O Lord, (it is now) a clot! O Lord, (it is now) a piece of flesh.’ And then, if Allah wishes to complete its creation, the angel asks, ‘O Lord, (will it be) a male or a female?”
“Verily We created man from a product of wet earth; Then placed him as a drop (of seed) in a safe lodging; Then fashioned We the drop a clot, then fashioned We the clot a little lump, then fashioned We the little lump bones, then clothed the bones with flesh, and then produced it as another creation. So blessed be Allah, the Best of creators!”

দেখতে পাচ্ছেন, মুহাম্মদের বহু আগে থেকেই বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলের মানুষ ভ্রুণতত্ব্ব সম্পর্কে নানা ধরণের মতামত দিয়েছেন, নানা পর্যবেক্ষণের মাধ্যমে কিছু কিছু বিষয় বোঝার চেষ্টা করেছেন। কিন্তু আধুনিক ভ্রুণতত্ত্ব অনুসারে, তারা সকলেই ভুল ছিলেন। যে কেউ গোজামিলের আশ্রয় নিলে উপরের যেকোন পুরনো ভুল তত্ত্বকে রুপক, কিংবা অনুবাদের গোজামিল দিয়ে আধুনিক বিজ্ঞানের সাথে মেলাতে চাইতে পারে।

এবারে আসুন আবার ঐ আয়াতগুলো পড়ি।

অতঃপর আমি তাকে শুক্রবিন্দু রূপে এক সংরক্ষিত আধারে স্থাপন করেছি। এরপর আমি শুক্রবিন্দুকে জমাট রক্তরূপে সৃষ্টি করেছি, অতঃপর জমাট রক্তকে মাংসপিন্ডে পরিণত করেছি, এরপর সেই মাংসপিন্ড থেকে অস্থি সৃষ্টি করেছি, অতঃপর অস্থিকে মাংস দ্বারা আবৃত করেছি, অবশেষে তাকে নতুন রূপে দাঁড় করিয়েছি।

জমাট রক্ত
১) মাঝে মাঝে গর্ভবতী নারীদের গর্ভপাত হলে প্রচুর পরিমাণে রক্তপাত হয়। প্রাচীন কালের মানুষ সেই জমাট বাধা রক্ত দেখে ভেবেছিল, মানুষ আসলে এই জমাট রক্ত থেকেই জন্ম হয়। মানে হচ্ছে, এই জমাট রক্তই আসলে শিশুটি। এখনো গ্রামদেশে বহু মানুষ মনে করে, ঐ জমাট রক্তই আসলে ভ্রুণ। কিন্তু ভ্রুণ কখনোই জমাট রক্ত নয়।
২) কোরান অনুসারে, রক্ত থেকে মাংস, মাংস থেকে অস্থি বা হাড়, এরপরে হাড়কে মাংস দ্বারা আবৃত করণ। এই প্রক্রিয়াটি আধুনিক বৈজ্ঞানিক দৃষ্টিকোন থেকে একেবারেই ভুল। জমাট রক্ত শব্দটিকে অনেক চেষ্টা করেই ইসলামিস্টরা ভ্রূণ বানাতে পারে নি, সেটা বানাতে পারলে কিছুটা হলেও মিলতো। কিন্তু হায়, ভ্রুণ আর জমাট রক্ত আকাশ পাতালের পার্থক্য। এই ভিডিওটি দেখুন।