Articles grouped under this topic.
Gnosticism is an ancient and revolutionary religious-philosophical movement that challenges the foundations of conventional belief. It holds that the visible world was not created by a benevolent and merciful God, but is a defective prison fashioned by an ignorant craftsman known as the Demiurge. In…
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Abrahamic mythology is the combined epics of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. This article analyzes this vast narrative not from a religious point of view, but rather in the light of literature, history and anthropology. From cosmology, the fall of Adam, the flood of Noah to…
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The claim that Islam gave women the highest status and unprecedented rights does not withstand examination of the Qur’an, sahih hadith, and classical fiqh. The familiar portrayal of pre-Islamic Arabia as a society in which all women were completely rightless, unable to own property, conduct…
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This article presents a detailed theoretical classification of religions. In addition to analyzing the various forms of faith on the basis of the number and nature of God (monotheism, polytheism, pantheism), its organizational structure (Church, Sect, Cult) has also been reviewed from a sociological point…
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The Sumerian civilization developed in the fertile valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates River in Mesopotamia was the first well-organized society in human history. After leaving the nomadic life behind, people attaining stability through agriculture and animal husbandry, realize their smallness in front of the…
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Islamic Sharia assigns non-Muslims a subordinate status through restrictions on worship, religious propagation, public office, legal testimony, and compensation for homicide. Drawing on classical Islamic sources and evidence from Bangladesh and Pakistan, this article examines how religious discrimination becomes embedded in laws and institutions, challenging…
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