Knowledge Base Section
On Islam and Predestination (Taqdir)
Discussions based on Islamic sources regarding the tension between divine decree (Taqdir), predestination, Allah's omniscience, human free will, and moral accountability.
Articles
Allah Led Satan Astray: Ahmad al-Ghazali, Mansur al-Hallaj, and the Tawhid of Iblis
Who led Satan astray? Through Qur’anic passages, classical Sunni commentaries, and the controversial interpretations of Ahmad al-Ghazali and Mansur al-Hallaj, this article explores Iblis’s tawhid and the tension…
In Classical Islamic Interpretation, Allah Makes People Perform the Deeds of the People of Paradise or Hell
Classical hadiths and Sunni theology describe people as created for Paradise or Hell and made to perform the deeds leading to their predetermined destinations. This framework creates a…
Predestination in Classical Islamic Creedal Works: Divine Will, Human Action, and Moral Responsibility
How do classical Sunni creedal works reconcile Allah’s all-encompassing will with human responsibility? Exploring predestination in the writings of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Harb al-Kirmani, Ibn Battah, and al-Tahawi,…