Knowledge Base Section
Unscientific Claims: Astronomy
An examination of unscientific claims made by religious scriptures and preachers about the Sun, Moon, stars, Earth, space, and the universe in light of modern astronomy.
Articles
According to Islam, where does the sun go at night?
According to Islamic belief, the sun goes down at night and worships under the throne of Allah, and in the morning, if Allah allows it, he rises again.
Allah’s Nightly Descent to the Lowest Heaven: Earth’s Rotation and the Problem of Local Time
A critical examination of Allah’s nightly descent to the lowest heaven, shifting local nights on a rotating Earth, ancient cosmology, and religious demands for unquestioning belief.
Hell’s Breath: The Islamic Explanation for Winter and Summer
Islamic hadith attributes extreme heat and cold to Hell’s breaths. This article examines the scriptural accounts, their literal interpretation by classical scholars, and claims locating Hell beneath the…
What Are the Heavens Made of According to Islam?
Classical Islamic texts describe seven layered heavens made of waves, stone, iron, copper, silver, gold, and gems. This article examines these accounts, their conflicting material descriptions, and their…
Earth on the Back of a Fish: Islamic Cosmology versus Modern Geology
A critical examination of seven earths, Earth carried by a giant fish, and mountains stopping earthquakes in Islamic religious literature, tested against modern geological evidence.
What Was Allah’s First Creation in Islam: Water, the Pen, the Throne, or Light and Darkness?
What did Allah create first? Islamic hadiths, classical tafsirs, and medieval scholars offer conflicting accounts involving water, the Pen, the Throne, and light and darkness. Drawing on primary…
Bayt al-Ma’mur Above the Kaaba: The Problem of Celestial Alignment
Islamic accounts place Bayt al-Ma'mur above the Kaaba. This article examines conflicting locations, Earth's rotation, celestial alignment, and the evidence behind the claim.